The Best American Poetry

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty-Six): Billy Collins [by Angela Ball]

In Praise of Ignorance

On a bench one afternoon
in a grassy park in Minneapolis,
I realized that what I liked best
about the dogs of Minneapolis
is they have no idea they’re in Minneapolis.

The same could be said
of the dogs of Houston or Philadelphia,
it occurred to me on the slow walk
back to my hotel, but I was
in no mood to be distracted.

I’m sticking with the dogs of Minneapolis,
I resolved as the elevator
rose to my floor, just as they stick
with their owners, the natives of Minneapolis,
most of whom know exactly where they are.

Alone in my room on the 17th floor,
I surveyed the vast prospect below me—
the slithery river and hills beyond
and the bluish hills beyond those hills—

in the manner of those English poets
who loved to regard the world from a height.
One of them even had a witty epitaph
inscribed upon the tombstone of his hound.
                                                                     -Billy Collins

Billy Collins's most recent book of poems is Water, Water.  Forthcoming is Dog Show, a collection of his dog poems with accompanying canine watercolor portraits. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

 

Billy Collins’s arresting “In Praise of Ignorance” begins with a revelation: “I realized what I liked best about the dogs of Minneapolis/ is they have no idea they are in Minneapolis.”

Animals are often said to be devoid of self-consciousness (not true) to live only in the moment (also not true), and/or not to experience duration when we leave and do not return for many hours (currently being disproven by research). In comparison to such metaphysics, Collins’ revelation seems ridiculously inconsequential. But is it?

Collins’ aperçu perhaps gets at the source of the bounce in a young dog’s walk—they simply travel, guided by a leash, unconstrained by geography. Unlike adult people, who remain aware of longitude, latitude, and the whole awkward contraption of distances, dogs are true cosmopolitans. They are anywhere and everywhere.

John Ashbery has said that he doesn’t think his thought operations are that different from anyone else’s. This assertion shows him capable of dramatizing thought in universal ways. Perhaps Collins does the same thing, though in a more direct manner. When he says, “I’m sticking with the dogs of Minneapolis,” he celebrates and satirizes human chauvinism, the basis of all fandom. And he supports his choice by likening it to the loyalty of dogs, who are, in a way, revealed here as models for living.

Like Ashbery’s, Collins’s poems often both celebrate and parody human thought processes. Here, in characterizing an idee fixe, Collins chooses graphic simplicity.

His poem has a Romantic peripatetic impetus—its recognition takes place outdoors, in nature, and continues as he strolls back to his hotel room. He compares himself to the Lake poets, humorously satirizing his own pretensions—a joke that becomes explicit in the poem’s last two stanzas. The same humor is evident in a short biopic made on Collins several years ago, after he was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States. A camera is trained on him as he pilots his car—he comments later that he was “afraid of looking like a bad driver.”

Collins’s description of the view from his 17th-floor window is both lyrically evocative and subtly satirical of Romantic endlessness--“the slithery river and the hills beyond / and the bluish hills beyond those hills. . .”—and of those “English poets/who loved to regard the world from a height.” “One of them,” he says, “even had a witty epitaph inscribed upon the tombstone of his hound.”

Collins’s ending is, of course, a sly reference to that most satirical of Romantic poets, George Gordon, Lord Byron. The internet tells us that “Epitaph to a Dog” was written in 1808 in honor of Byron’s Landseer dog, Boatswain. A tribute of some twenty-six lines of heroic couplets, it is inscribed on Boatswain’s monument (grander than Byron’s own in the same park), and includes the following sentiment:

 

     . . .the poor Dog, in life the firmest friend

     The first to welcome, foremost to defend

     Whose honest heart is still his master’s own

     Who labors, fights, breathes for him alone

     Unhonor’d falls, unnotic’d all his worth

     Deny’d in Heaven the Soul he held on earth*

 

Byron is reported to have nursed Boatswain to the end of his illness—rabies—with no thought of being bitten and infected.

That the poem ends by tacitly endorsing the grandeur of dogs in no way subtracts from its humor. It simply completes, in a surprising turn to human and canine history, the poem’s “praise of ignorance”—a praise both funny and solemn, consummately human and humane.

*The website The Classical Quill gives encomiums to dogs a classical pedigree, quoting the Greek teacher Hermongenes of Tarsus (fl. AD 550) on how to write encomia of animals.

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty-Five): David Lehman [by Angela Ball]

I Remember

     --After Joe Brainard

          1.

I remember high school and wanting people to call me Dave.

I remember a truck driver named Dave.

I remember when my older sister was sixteen and she and two

          girlfriends went on a triple date with boys named Fred, Steve,

          and Dave.

I remember when I didn’t want anyone to call me Dave.

 

          2.

I remember thinking that Communists didn’t exist.  They were

          bogeymen, invented to scare little kids, or they did exist but far

          away, in another country, or as abstract entities to be granted

          existence for the sake of an argument or the exposition of a theory.

I remember thinking no one took drugs or was a juvenile

           delinquent except in movies.

I remember getting up each morning and vomiting on the way to

          the elevated IRT stop at Dyckman Street and Nagle Avenue.

          Sometimes I could time it just right and hurl into a garbage can

          without breaking my stride.

I remember thinking that mental illness and profound sadness were

          two great romantic conditions.

I remember when there were two types of people, Jews and Catholics.

I remember when there were two types of people, those who were for

          the war in Vietnam and those who were against it, and there

          could be no connection between us.

I remember that the world was divided between Yankee fans and

          Dodger fans.

I remember thinking that to be an avant-garde artist you had to be

          rich and live in Paris, preferably near the Notre-Dame-des-

          Champs Métro stop.

I remember when the test of a true artist was whether he admitted that

          money motivated him to write.

 

          3.

I remember the first book I ever bought.  It was a book of Zen koans.

          with an orange-colored jacket and I bought it at a musty

          bookstore in the Village where Ben Hecto and I walked one

          spring afternoon in our senior year at Stuyvesant.

I remember two of the koans to this day.

I remember liking best the koan resembling the parable of wise

          Solomon except that two monks rather than two mothers are

          laying claim to a cat rather than a baby.

Nansen, the head monk, takes out a cleaver and chops the cat in two.

           When Joshu hears the story, he takes off his shoes, puts them on

            his head, and walks out of the room, and Nansen says: “Had

            Joshu been there, he could have saved the cat.”

I remember Nansen showed the three young monks a jug of water and

          challenged them to define its essence without naming it.  The first

          monk said: It is not a puddle because I can carry it.  The second

           monk said: Freezes in winter, thaws in spring, quenches the

           parched lips of summer.  The third monk kicked over the jug and

           won the competition.

(I don’t remember the prize or the purpose of the competition, but that

            after all is the nature of competitions.)

 

               4.

I remember “I Remember, I Remember,” by Thomas Hood, whose

            poems I read in the gloom of a foggy November morning in East

            Anglia.

I remember “I Remember You,” lyrics by Johnny Mercer, music by

           Victor Schertzinger.

I remember I Remember by Joe Brainard in which every paragraph

          begins “I remember,” and the language is simple and unaffected,

          artless and innocent and charming.

I remember thinking that it took real genius to recall an early

           embarrassment or to exhibit your own naivete.

I remember discovering that I was funny.

 

                  5.

I remember the Woolworth’s on Dyckman Street where they had an

           automatic photo booth.  You put in your quarters, took a seat,

           and got four snapshots

 I remember the automat.  There was Bickford’s and there was Horn

            and Hardart.

I remember P.D.Q. Bach’s “Concerto for Horn and Hardart,” a witty

           title once.

I remember a dish of custard at the automat.

I remember watermelon, ten cents a pound, at the fruit stand.

I remember when white nectarines in upstate New York were the most

          delicious fruit.

I remember England and going into an automatic photo booth with

          Jeanne, a junior at Mount Holyoke, and both of us were blond

          and smiling and wearing trenchcoats.

I remember hitching rides with Jeanne from Oxford to Cambridge and

          spending the night in a bed-and-breakfast on Queen’s Road.

I remember the embarrassment of the maid when she knocked on the

          door and opened it and saw that we were still asleep in our twin

           beds.

I remember writing love poems even when I wasn’t in love with

           anyone.

I remember thinking that love without an object was pure.

I remember hearing an explosion and thinking it was just my

            imagination.

I remember A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

I remember when I was in college and had one secret I kept from even

            my closest friends, and twenty years later I saw Bill, a newspaper

            editor just as he had always wanted to be, and he asked me

            about the secret and I couldn’t remember.

I remember that Bill and I and two other guys were going to meet at

             the Eiffel Tower on July 4, 1999.

I remember the smell of Gauloises and Gitanes sans filtre.

I remember the movie about three army buddies who meet as planned

           at a New York bar ten years after the war, and now none of them

           can stand the other two.

I remember the episode of the sitcom in which Ann Sothern and

           three old friends meet as planned after many years and all are

           fabulously successful except Ann, who is Don Porter’s executive

           secretary, but then it turns out that the other three were just

           putting on airs and Ann was the only honest one and so in an

           important way she was the most successful of them all.

I remember that the fight had something to do with a girl.

I remember the shock of finding out that girls like sex as much as

            boys did—maybe even more in some cases.

I remember buying a ring at a Woolworth’s in Dublin so she and I

            could stay together in a cheap hotel, pretending to be married.

I remember that the worst meal I have ever eaten was at a Chinese

            restaurant that summer in Dublin.

I remember expecting Chinese restaurants in New York, where spicy

            Szechuan cooking had come into style.

I remember the squawk of the gulls and the gray of the sky above the

            Irish Sea.

                               -David Lehman

from Poems in the Manner Of . . . published by Scribner Poetry, 2017

David Lehman is a great fan of Frank Sinatra, the subject of his book Sinatra's Century: One Hundred Notes on the Man and His World, which HarperCollins published in December 2015, the centenary of the singer’s birth. That month, Jack Daniel's released a limited edition of high-priced bourbon packaged with a thumb drive featuring a Sinatra set from Las Vegas in January 1966; Lehman got to review both the bourbon and the performance for The Wall Street Journal. His book Signs of the Times: Deconstruction and the Fall of Paul de Man (1991) infuriated critical theorists and accurately predicted the major crises in the humanities that have bedeviled higher education. Lehman has also written about the composers and lyricists of the American songbook; A Fine Romance won ASCAP's Deems Taylor Award in 2010. Among his many other nonfiction books are The Last Avant-Garde: The Making of the New York School of Poets (Doubleday, 1998) and One Hundred Autobiographies: A Memoir (Cornell UP, 2019), which uses his four-year ordeal battling cancer as the framework for memories, desires, fantasies, dreams, and meditations. Lehman’s books of poetry include The Morning Line (Pittsburgh, 2021), When a Woman Loves a Man (Scribner, 2005), and The Daily Mirror (Scribner, 2000). Lehman edited The Oxford Book of American Poetry and has been the general editor of The Best American Poetry since he launched the annual anthology in 1988. (Bio by Freddy Chervil).

[Photo of John Ashbery and David Lehman by Star Black, 2011]

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty-Five:  David Lehman

David Lehman’s large and lifelong project has been to pay tribute to poets and the grandeur and humor of ordinary life as transformed by them. This he has done through his own stellar body of poetry, his longstanding and monumental book series, The Best American Poetry, this eponymous blog, and in countless other ways. A student of Kenneth Koch’s at Columbia, Lehman was certainly in the avant-garde of recognizing the importance of the New York School of Poets, and his perceptive and seminal The Last Avant-Garde not only makes an eloquent case for the NYS as exactly that but also provides a model of how poets can inspire each other through loving collision and a shared ethos of exploration and play. Lehman’s own work is exemplary of the values and ideas he has fostered and sustained, and no book more so than 2017’s Poems in the Manner of . . .

In his introduction, Lehman says of the project, “I had in mind the shibboleth that in writing poetry, to have a distinctive ‘voice’ is everything.” He goes on to say that “style is misunderstood; it is not the end in itself but the means to an indefinable end . . .”  What happens in this book is akin to the transformation that can arise from a supremely good costume: in impersonating someone else, the reveler happens on a deeper version of their own personality, one somehow connected with all that transcends personality and its inherent impermanence.

The locution “In the Manner of” derives from two poems in Ted Berrigan’s landmark The Sonnets: “Poem in the Traditional Manner” and “Poem in the Modern Manner.”  Lehman’s ideas about poetry and art in a sense depend on the on-going struggle between “tradition” and “modernity”: the old versus the new. In his introduction to The Last Avant-Garde, Lehman quotes Gertrude Stein: ‘For a long time everybody refuses and then almost without a pause everybody accepts,’ Stein wrote. ‘In the history of the refused in the arts and literature the rapidity of the change is always startling.’” Then, Lehman quotes Kafka’s famous parable “Leopards in the Temple”: ‘Leopards break into the temple and drink up the contents of the sacrificial pitchers; this is repeated again and again; finally it can be calculated in advance, and it becomes part of the ceremony.’” [Photo on right: Kenneth Koch, David Lehman, and John Ashbery, Worcester, Massachusetts, circa 2000]

It is this knowledge, in part, that allows Lehman to play poetically fast and loose with previous poets and to also pay tribute to the “ceremony”: the mysterious continuum where all true art resides.

Lehman’s  “I Remember –after Joe Brainard” plays a signal role in this volume.  Joe Brainard, a brilliant poet, artist, and playful cartoonist, a particularly tragic casualty of AIDS epidemic, embodies the antic spirit of The New York School of Poets and, in particular, the love affair between the comic and the nostalgic so prominent in their work—Kenneth’s Koch’s in particular.

I first encountered this book in a British edition discovered in a used-and-rare shop in London circa 1983. I went directly to a pub; and, refreshed by a cold pint, read the book in its entirety. “Entirety” seems the right word, since Brainard’s remembrances, though of a boy growing up in rural Oklahoma, seem somehow all-encompassing, universal. He added more to them during his short life, amplifying that effect. Since that day, I have used “I Remember” as a prompt and inspiration for every undergraduate writing class I’ve taught; the poems inspired by it seem almost to write themselves. I remember in particular the brilliance of this line, written by an undergraduate in an honors composition class: “I remember my dog, his smell of dusty cornflakes.”

David Lehman’s “I remember” employs Brainard’s engine of anaphora to propel an urban boy’s memories. This may be a city kid, but no less bewildered than Brainard; and, like Brainard, he seeks to resolve his uncertainties through formulaic categories: “I remember thinking that mental illness and sadness were two great romantic conditions. / I remember when there were two types of people, Jews and Catholics.” This oversimplification is disarmingly ironic: we see the huge shortfall of understanding driven by a young person’s need to make sense of the world’s proliferating complications. We are reminded of James Joyce’s Stephen Dedalus and his flyleaf inscription: Class of Elements Clongowes Wood College Sallins County Kildare Ireland Europe The World The Universe.

It is impossible in a small space to detail all of the celebrations and transformations of Brainard in this expansive poem. It does seem important to point out how Section 2 recognizes and develops “I Remember”’s affinity with the Zen koan:

     I remember Nansen showed the three young monks a jug of water

          and challenged them to define its essence without naming it.  The first

          monk said: It is not a puddle because I can carry it. The second

          monk said: Freezes in winter, thaws in spring, quenches the

          parched lips of summer.  The third monk kicked over the jug and

          won the competition.

This particular koan, remembered in homage to “I Remember,” resonates throughout Lehman’s oeuvre as poet and scholar. One example occurs in the next section of the poem:

         I remember “I Remember” by Joe Brainard in which every paragraph

              begins “I remember,” and the language is simple and unaffected,

              artless and innocent and charming.

         I remember thinking that it took real genius to recall an early

              embarrassment or to admit your own naivete.

         I remember discovering that I was funny.

 

The last line of this section not only makes Lehman’s poem “meta”--a temple within a temple, it also kicks its own jug.  And it would be difficult to find a more direct and accurate characterization of Brainard’s work than “the language is simple and unaffected, artless and innocent and charming.”

Section 5 remembers, among many other things, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and that “the worst meal I have ever eaten was at a Chinese restaurant that summer in Dublin.”

And there is this final, ravishing compound image: “the squawk of the gulls and the gray of the sky above the Irish Sea.”

In a way, this poem and all the poems from Poems in the Manner Of …  reflect John Ashbery’s Self Portrait in a Convex Mirror; with the poem encompassing not just the poet, but a welter of sensibility, emotion, and recognition: part of what Wallace Stevens called “the long conversation between poets.” And it may be true that every poem—no matter when in life it is created or read--is a bildungsroman, like A Portrait of the Artist, reintroducing the world, making us new.

-Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty-Four): David Shapiro [by Angela Ball]

AFTER RYOKAN

In my bowl

In the thin snow

In front of my window
In the window sky
In the blue distance
In the scattered door

In every quarter of the
evening land
In the pool near your room
In the shadow on the highway—
In the staves of the sky

I seem to hear your voice

                                           --David Shapiro

As a child, David Shapiro, a widely renowned, much-loved poet, teacher and art historian, was a violin and literary prodigy.  At 10, he decided to be poet, and within a few years, met Kenneth Koch, Frank O’Hara and the movement now known as the New York School—of which he would, with time, be considered a leading poet, proponent and scribe. He studied with Koch and Meyer Schapiro at Columbia University, publishing January, the first of his 11 books of poetry, as an 18-year-old undergraduate. Awarded a Kellett fellowship, he earned an MA at Clare College, Cambridge before returning to Columbia for his PhD. Shapiro also produced numerous works of prose, including seminal monographs on John Ashbery, Jasper Johns and Piet Mondrian. He taught literature at Columbia and Princeton, was a tenured art historian at William Paterson University, and created an interdisciplinary course in aesthetics which he taught for many years at the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture at the Cooper Union.

 

                                                                        Portrait of David Shapiro by Chris Felver

 

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty-Four) David Shapiro

Ekphrasis, broadly defined, is the heart of the New York School of Poets. The impulse to speak to, from, and into pre-existing art drove the creativity of the “big four.” John Ashbery, Kenneth Koch, Frank O’Hara, and James Schuyler were gratefully enthralled and competitively motivated by each other’s work, by poets brought to English (sometimes by them), and by artists of all stripes.

So it is not surprising that David Shapiro chose to respond to a Japanese poet who, as a young man, was a disciple of a Zen master, Kokusen, and after his death embarked on a long pilgrimage. Then Ryōkan became a hermit. It is reported that he never took himself too seriously. He sneaked into the midsummer festivals though monks were enjoined not to attend. Late in life he was cared for by a young nun, and the two grew close, exchanging a series of tender haiku.

David Shapiro’s poem hinges on a notoriously ungainly part of speech: the preposition. It explores inness. As the short poem progresses, we learn it, the sensation of being in. The poem begins in familiarity with “in my bowl”—likely the one piece of crockery owned by the Zen poet—and “In the thin snow”—we are accustomed to speaking of ourselves as “in” weather. “In front of the window” is also normal usage.  But the poem’s purview swells till “in” includes the widest of expanses: “In every corner of the / evening land.”  We feel ourselves somehow thinned with distance, denatured. And what is “the scattered door”? The poem has abolished the difference between outside and in, between near and far, with “in” so broadly defined that it becomes stunningly impersonal. But wait—

     In the pool near your room
     In the shadow on the highway—
     In the staves of the sky

“In” suddenly connects, as prepositions do, with an all-consuming “you” that in these three lines--the first intimate, the second estranged, the third almost cosmic—pertaining to the harsh structure of the infinite, those mysterious “staves.”

Then David Shapiro’s illuminating, mute poem suddenly throws us into emptiness--but wait—an aural connection appears, compounded of doubt and hope: “I seem to hear your voice.” The ekphrasis the poem achieves is of an entity most complex and most essential, the founder of all festivals. - Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty-One): Paul Violi [by Angela Ball]

EXTENDED SHORTAGES

I must remind you how serious I’ve become,
Almost grave (though still immensely likeable).

Love threatens to carry me off
Like a dancer in a trash heap storm.

Counterweight! I need a counterweight.
I read history late into the night,
A scavenger, loading up
On high deeds and disillusionment,
Treachery and hope, until I am unable
To hop over a footnote.

An ashtray crowning a stack of Gibbon,
A scotch and soda atop the King James,
Eventually a whiff of pity comes my way,
Not for me but for that sad Titan,
The dim-witted one who has to bear
The weight of heaven and earth*
Gravity and exhilaration, on his back.
Then I can snooze, snicker at my own
Grief and shortcomings and snooze.

When I wake and rise and slowly dress
With dust motes whirling madly around me
In that lovely solemn light, I do not risk
Even thinking about you until I feel
The weight of all I recall sink to my feet
And then in a bow to Philetus,**
I reach for my shoes.

                                   -Paul Violi   (First published in Mississippi Review's Poets of the New York School issue, 2003)

*Thirteen trillion trillion tons.

**Philetus of Cos, poet, teacher, famed for his love lyrics, admired by Ovid and Propertius, tutor to Ptolemy of Philadelphus, so small he had to wear lead shoes lest in the desert wind he be blown away.

 

Paul Violi

1944—2011

Paul Violi was an avant-garde poet. Waterworks, a short selection of his early poems, appeared in 1972, and In Baltic Circles was published the following year. He authored eleven books of poetry, including Harmatan (1977), Splurge (1982), Likewise (1988), The Curious Builder (1993), and Fracas (1999). After receiving a Grants to Artists award in 1999, Violi released Breakers (2000), a selection of his longer poems, and Overnight (2007).

The expanded text of Violi's first collaboration with printmaker Dale Devereux Barker, Selected Accidents, Pointless Anecdotes (2002), is a collection of non-fiction prose. Violi and Barker's art books, including Envoy; Life is Completely Interesting (2006), have been acquired by many libraries and museums.

Subsequent to his 1999 Grants to Artists award, Violi was given The Morton Dauwen Zabel Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters (2001) and a John Ciardi Lifetime Achievement Award (2004).

Prior to his 1999 FCPA grant, Violi had received grants from the Ingram Merrrill Foundation (1979), The New York Foundation for the Arts (1987), and The Fund for Poetry (1988, 1992). He was also the recipient of two National Endowment for the Arts Literature Fellowships (1980, 1986).

Violi was managing editor of The Architectural Forum from 1972 to 1974 and worked on freelance projects at Universal Limited Art Editions, researching correspondence of poets and artists and assisting Buckminster Fuller while he wrote the text to Tetrascroll (1982). As chairman of the Associate Council Poetry Committee, Violi organized a series of readings at The Museum of Modern Art from 1974 to 1983. He also co-founded Swollen Magpie Press, which produced poetry chapbooks, a poetry magazine called New York Times, and Broadway: A Poets And Painters Anthology (1979), edited by James Schuyler and Charles North.

Violi graduated from Boston University with a B.A. in English and a minor in Art History. At the time of his death he was teaching in the Department of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University and in the graduate writing program at The New School. He also taught at New York University, The Dalton School, Sing-Sing, Stevens Institute of Technology, Bloomfield College, State University of New York at Purchase, and Scarsdale Teachers Institute.  (The Foundation for Contemporary Arts)

I am indebted to Ann Violi, the poet’s widow, for the biography above, for this photo, and for permission to republish the poem, which first appeared in Mississippi Review’s Poets of the New York School in 2003.

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty-One):  Paul Violi

Paul Violi’s gregarious and self-effacing “Extended Shortages,” shares James Schuyler’s poetic domesticity, creating landscapes of the indoor, the close at hand.  He greets us with a humorous disclaimer of humor: “I must remind you how serious I’ve become, / Almost grave (Though still immensely likeable).

But suddenly he warns of impending danger: “Love threatens to carry me off / Like a dancer in a trash heap storm.”  We are reminded of contemporary dance’s fervent moments of extreme buoyancy, when flying costumes seem almost to mate.

Then comes a welcome solution: “A counterweight!”  The one that chooses him is history, that weighty discipline, that he reads “late into the night / A scavenger, loading up on high deeds and disillusionment, / Treachery and hope.” The reading lasts until the buzzardized speaker can no longer “hop over a footnote.” How many times have current events made us think ‘Who am I in the face of all this’? How much more so the past.

We next see the items that furnish the poet’s home: “An ashtray crowning a stack of Gibbon, / A scotch and soda atop the King James”—the poem plays with heft as trivial objects top massively important tomes: The Decline and Fall, the King James Bible—their permanence dominated by temporary pleasures.  Our enthralled speaker seems released by the “whiff of pity” that arrives,

     Not for me but for that sad Titan,

     The dim-witted one who has to bear

     The weight of heaven and earth

     Gravity and exhilaration, on his back.

     Then I can snooze, snicker at my own

     Grief and shortcomings and snooze.

His empathy for a mythical lifter of “thirteen trillion trillion tons” saves the speaker/poet from sinking under history’s heft—in the same way, I think, that savoring the name, “Korean Mums,” saves James Schuyler from anonymous despair.

The rest of Violi’s poem, instead of dispensing with the past, invokes it with serio-comic lightness:

     Even thinking about you until I feel

     The weight of all I recall sink to my feet

     And then in a bow to Philetus,

     I reach for my shoes.

All at once, we realize that the “you” in the poem is the source of the wilding inflicted by love in the second stanza. We feel poundage countered by the uplift of poetry and love. Paul Violi’s transformative “Extended Shortages” is really a consortium of abundances  ending with a physically slight but mentally immense poet, Philetus—a poet named for love, who must wear “lead shoes” to keep from being blown away, who paradoxically cues the abundance inherent in history and poetry and also the moment of ordinary life when we prepare ourselves for the outside world as love and words and world gloriously take each other’s weight. -- Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty-One) James Appleby [by Angela Ball]

I lived once beside a slaughterhouse

Mornings were a thing of gears.
They were regulation-compliant machinery.
The trucks, mounted with cylinders, broke their necks
on the switchbacks of local roads. They drained.
These are the problems of living by a slaughterhouse:
excess life. I remember the thermaling birds,
flies on the screen doors and fruit bowl,
and when the wind hitched and tumbled
like a freighted truck on a bad turn,
a living smell came into my room.
The conversation of a pig with a knife
you see, lasts a long time.

                                            -James Appleby

James Appleby (b. 1993) is editor of Interpret, Scotland's magazine of international writing. His original poetry is published in The London Magazine, his translations in Asymptote, and his upcoming debut pamphlet, Spurious Language, was commended in the 2024 International Book & Pamphlet Competition. He was born in Manchester and lives in Edinburgh.

www.jamesapplebywriting.co.uk

www.interpretmagazine.com

James Appleby’s deft and concentrated poem, “I lived once beside a slaughterhouse,” is antithetical to Frank O’Hara’s “A Step Away from Them,” in which the urban scene is one of brisk interactions and physical, mental, and artistic nourishment.  Consider Appleby’s first line: “Mornings were a thing of gears.”  What a terse and true embodiment of industrial strain—the heritage of Dickens’ Gradgrind. A new day brings no bustlings of possibility, only new ratchetings decreed by a glum bureaucracy, “regulation-compliant.” No flaneurs swan along the streets—instead, a violence of trucks “broke their necks on the switchbacks of local roads,” the climb a kind of flagellation, a perpetual penance. 

In its fifth line, the poem confides: “These are the problems of living by a slaughterhouse: / excess life.” Through a perverse synergy, life embraces its omnipresent opposite. Instead of construction workers happily chowing down lunch, we have “thermaling birds”—black, jagged-winged scavengers; we have “flies on the screen doors and fruit bowl.” Any spontaneity here involves dark lives hastening to feed on death and/or lay their eggs in it. The wind, far from a romantic bearer of infinite tidings, is but another vehicle in death’s fleet: “like a freighted truck on a bad turn,” an image that surprises us with ironic humor. The poem’s reversals are not yet finished: “a living smell came into my room. . . “ The conversation that Frank O’Hara has with the cityscape, that as poetry joins what Wallace Stevens calls “the long conversation between poets,” finds its scarifying opposite: “The conversation of a pig with a knife / you see, lasts a long time.” The routine slaughter that for Charles Simic, in his poem “Butcher Shop,” becomes, on the butcher’s apron, “the great continents of blood”--a saturation mysterious, even grand—is here an overweening and insidious stink.  How telling that Appleby’s poem takes the word “conversation”—for O’Hara, a thing that happens between two people when one of them writes a poem and the other reads it—and makes of it a deadly encounter of blade and artery that reverberates in air, a blow that no plague posey can deflect—one that the poem delivers with mock gentleness— “you see.” Alas, we do see, with our entire mortal bodies. If everyone lived “beside a slaughterhouse,” all this might change—but this is not the poem’s business. James Appleby’s fluent, exact “Once I Lived Beside a Slaughterhouse” makes us witnesses. Then it steps away, leaving us among its eloquent fumes. -Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty): Michael Robins [by Angela Ball]

Called Back

Before she crossed the quarter mile between the homestead & town

cemetery, Emily Dickinson helped plan her own funeral. “Everything

was white,” one biography reports: white ribbons & textile handles,

flannel for the lining (“five-sixths of a yard of Russian white”) plus the

robe that Susan, her sister-in-law, designed & in which the poet would

be buried. According to further description, we should add the

circumference of the flower garden to the distance traveled by the

funeral party, then a single pass through the great barn that kept the

family’s horses. I’ve visited Emily’s grave more than any other & while

spring becomes summer in a snap, it was the beginning of the latter

when, late one night & a dozen sheets to the wind, I hoped to marry

past & present by launching my empty bottle toward what might’ve

been a field of buttercup, where some bystander surely caught sight of

six Irishmen (per Emily’s instruction) carrying the poet’s white casket.

                                                                                                                      - Michael Robins
                                                                                                                      [from The Bright Invisible (Saturnalia, 2022)]

 

Michael Robins is the author of five collections of poetry, most recently The Bright Invisible (2022) and People You May Know (2020), both from Saturnalia Books. He lives in Lake Charles, Louisiana, where he teaches in the MFA program at McNeese State University and serves as editor of The McNeese Review.

 

The New York School Diaspora (Part Eighty): Michael Robins

Michael Robins’ eloquent and haunting tribute to Emily Dickinson hovers somewhere between poetry and prose, unjustified on the right in a way reminiscent of James Tate, whose poems seem to enjoy confounding the two. Its shape may suggest “postage stamp,” then “letter,” then “the poet’s room,” then “grave”—then, perhaps most aptly, “flower garden.” Robins’ poem begins in objectivity as he presents Dickinson’s funeral procession as a “crossing” detailed in advance by the poet herself:

 

     . . .white ribbons & textile handles,

     flannel for the lining [‘five-sixths of a yard of Russian white’] plus the

     robe that Susan, her sister-in-law, designed. . .

 

How fitting that Emily’s color was and is white, an apparent absence embracing the spectrum.

A cheerful guidebook voice (“we should add”) reveals that the journey to the grave was not straightforward, but circled Dickinson’s flower garden and made “a single pass” through the barn holding the family horses, the procession a warmer, domesticated version of “I could not stop for Death” (poem 479). Notify the flowers, the horses, the barn flies that their Emily has turned toward eternity—this like the old custom of telling the bees, a charm of reconciliation between death and life.

Then things turn personal in the long rush of a single, passionate sentence:

 

     . . . I’ve visited Emily’s grave more than any other & while

     spring becomes summer in a snap, it was the beginning of the latter

     when, late one night & a dozen sheets to the wind, I hoped to marry

     past & present by launching my empty bottle toward what might’ve

     been a field of buttercup . . .

 

The poem’s whiteness has become a hoped-for marriage of “past & present,” the warm snap between spring and summer the snap of taut sails as the poet, “sheets to the wind” (that metaphor that makes each drunk a boat) launches his messageless bottle “toward what might’ve / been a field of buttercup.” It is as if we are with the poet with Dickinson, when, in the cosmic expansiveness of her “wild nights,” she dreams of a “thee” to “moor in.”

As austere and intense as Emily herself, “Called Back” summons us, too, as Robins joins past and present in the sovereign apparition of her eccentrically ordained pallbearers: “six Irishmen.” *  With them, we are privileged bystanders as time and eternity cross a small space into each other via the rectangle of a poem and the trim envelope of a casket.

– Angela Ball

*According to IrishCentral.com, Dickinson “shared her kitchen with an Irish maid [Margaret Maher] the last seventeen years of her life.” Scholar Aífe Murray is quoted as saying that Dickinson stored her poems in Maher’s trunk—'a trunk that had crossed the Atlantic’; and that after Dickinson died, Maher kept them safe.

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Nine): Cate Marvin [by Angela Ball]

BLACK UMBRELLA

What to do stationed beneath an awning curtained
falling with rainwater but read books on dinosaurs?

Better to peel open tins of tuna for the stray cats
nestled wet beneath porches of the neighborhood.

No one wants them in their hunger, nor for piteous
cries to interfere with the sounds of the televisions.

If the town had one huge umbrella, we might all join
to carry it above us together. But there is no together.

Unless you can call a collection of structures together,
when all we’ve really got is a shambles of inhabitance.

Nothing throbs warmth near midnight, no clock can
admit its choking, and sheets have never had license

to speak. They hate us lying atop them, hate turning
in the washer, the dryer, over and over, as I am come

to despise someone I never saw in the rain. Someone
who has lain on my sheets. (I’ve not been discreet.)

One who rarely or never, you choose, gave me license
to speak. As the liquor store clerk demanded tonight,

Are you in a bad mood, or are you tired? I said I was
neither. He assumed that meant I meant I was both.

I assured him I was none. See? Your expression, your
tone! I told him he must be projecting, that I was sorry

he felt worn and alone. This is the price you pay in this
town when you neglect to hand your smile to no one.

But the cats would froth at your doorstep should you
attempt to feed them. You’d have to bat them back!

It’s best to remain still in rainwater and read your best
dinosaur book, read it aloud loudly. For instance, you

might think they’ll never come back. But I myself fear
I’m becoming one right now. That I’ll roam this town

beneath a giant black umbrella I’ve fashioned for my
enormous frame. That I’ll gnash my placid neighbors

in my jaws should they attempt to suggest once again
I ought to water my flowers more often. That’s what

rain’s for, friends! Just think of it as the sky’s watering
can. I’ve bought the deed to this plot. I’m so American

I’ll bury myself alive right here beneath this fatigued
rosebush, and my bone-mulch will push out petulant

blossoms pinker than ever. Because I stocked up. I got
supplies. The cats have my back. Because I’m trying to

explain myself while swilling water off my window sill.
Ill-humored clouds from distant smoke-stacks please me.

Because that crisp smell you call fall I don’t care about.
                                                                                         -Cate Marvin

Cate Marvin teaches poetry writing in the Stonecoast M.F.A. Program at the University of Southern Maine and is Professor of English at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York. A 2015 Guggenheim Fellow, she lives in Scarborough, Maine. Event Horizon, her fourth collection, appeared from Copper Canyon Press in 2022.

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Nine): Cate Marvin

Whereas John Ashbery’s poems, when in search of a past, may gravitate to the fervid realities of early cartoon characters, in her intense, magnetic “Black Umbrella” Cate Marvin takes refuge with archaic animals: “What to do stationed beneath an awning curtained / falling with rainwater but read books on dinosaurs?”  Yet Marvin, restless, revises this notion: “Better to peel open tins of tuna for the stray cats /nestled wet beneath porches of the neighborhood.” They are pariahs, despised for their “piteous cries” that “interfere with the sounds of the televisions.”

Were we to sum up Frank O’Hara’s New York in one word it might be “togetherness.” The characters and objects of his poems--construction workers, Miss Stillwagon at the bank, a copy of the journal NEW WORLD WRITING, even the louse cohabiting his office at the Museum of Modern Art—all somehow belong, contributing to the ongoing personality of the city. Marvin’s city is somewhat different:

 

     If the town had one huge umbrella, we might all join

     to carry it above us together. But there is no together.

     Unless you can call a collection of structures together,

     when all we’ve really got is a shambles of inhabitance.

 

What devastating phrase, that “shambles of inhabitance.”

Here, the “black umbrella,” with its tetradactyl struts, connotes a city of divisions and misunderstandings. In Kenneth Koch, personification is an opportunity for play, even when he addresses World War II.  Here, things personified express neuroses and grudges:

 

     Nothing throbs warmth near midnight, no clock can

     admit its choking, and sheets have never had license

     to speak. They hate us lying atop them, hate turning

     in the washer, the dryer, over and over, as I am come

     to despise someone I never saw in the rain. Someone

     who has lain on my sheets. (I’ve not been discreet.)

 

Marvin’s dark approach is a welcome surprise--especially when, as above, it is spiked with dark imagination—those poor sheets!—and sardonic rhyme. Her persona, no pussycat, threatens to “gnash” her neighbors should they “attempt to request again” that she water her flowers. Here a comedy of personality emerges, another surprise! There is playfulness here after all, albeit the comedy of a curmudgeon who delights in raining on any available parade. One need not be optimistic to be American:

 

     I’ll bury myself alive right here beneath this fatigued

     rosebush, and my bone-mulch will push out petulant

     blossoms pinker than ever. Because I stocked up. I got

     supplies. The cats have my back. Because I’m trying to

     explain myself while swilling water off my window sill.

     Ill-humored clouds from distant smoke-stacks please me

 

Everything is coming up roses--tired, funereal blooms when seen from beneath Marvin’s self-fabricated black umbrella, a place to shelter from a world of fall-bibbers and leaf-peekers.  The season bids togetherness; Marvin’s tart persona supports isolation and eccentricity: “Because that crisp smell you call fall I don’t care about.” This  bold stroke is reminiscent of “Marriage,” Gregory Corso’s most bravura poem, where he briefly  imagines himself “the scourge of marriage, the saint of divorce.”  Gripped by Cate Marvin’s eloquence, we are reminded that fall is as dark as it is bright, and we revel in the corrective of her speaker’s bitter comic voice. We remember that opposition is individuality, and that for art nothing is more exigent, more precious than that very quality. - Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Eight): Lee Upton [by Angela Ball]

THE GREAT ADVENTURE

The woman hailing a taxi in the rain
who is almost crushed by another taxi
and next by a third taxi
and then at last when she almost flags down a taxi
she is nearly run over again—
I think about this stranger often and feel something like
uncorrupted love for her
and I think about how
the next taxi drenching her and nearly running over her foot veered
and I thought then: that is the way to live,
to be like the last taxi driver
knowing that this woman’s going to get your taxi wet
but stopping anyway
and yes she’s in the back seat puddling away
and she is laughing
and I thought that is the way to live—
to keep trying to catch what speeds past
despite even the street lifting up to insult you
and aren’t you like all those taxis, the way
your heart keeps skidding around?
And let there be someone waiting
anxious to see the taxi driver and
the woman riding,
someone who says convincingly: It’s all right, all of it,
we’re all going to get somewhere.

                                                      -Lee Upton       Published in Triquarterly July 15 2024

Lee Upton's comic novel, TABITHA, GET UP, was launched in May 2024 from Sagging Meniscus Press. Her most recent book of poetry is her seventh collection, The Day Every Day Is, winner of the Saturnalia Books Prize (2023). Another novel, a literary mystery, Wrongful, is due out from Sagging Meniscus in 2025, and a third novel,The Withers, set in a near-future world where organ trafficking threatens families, will appear in 2026 from Regal House Publishing. A sequel to Tabitha, Get Up, is forthcoming in 2026: Tabitha, Stay Up. Her New & Selected Poems will appear in 2027. Her poetry has appeared in The New Yorker, Poetry, Southern Review, and three editions of Best American Poetry.

 

Lee Upton’s frenetic and enlightening “The Great Adventure” shares its breathlessness with Frank O’Hara’s famous “Poem [Lana Turner] has Collapsed” in which chaos is general over Manhattan as “it started raining and snowing” and “the traffic / was acting exactly like the sky,” and a final clarity leaps from chaos: “Lana Turner we love you get up.”  But the woman in Upton’s poem is not a headline, but someone directly observed, caught in the rapids of traffic:

 

     The woman hailing a taxi in the rain

     who is almost crushed by another taxi

     and next by a third taxi

     and then at last when she almost flags down a taxi

     she is nearly run over again—

 

This woman is behaving foolishly and dangerously, we think. She is lucky to be alive.

The poem’s next lines recall an O’Hara title, “Meditations in an Emergency”:

 

     I think about this stranger often and feel something like

     uncorrupted love for her

     and I think about how

     the next taxi drenching her and nearly running over her foot veered

     and I thought then: that is the way to live,

     to be like the last taxi driver

     knowing that this woman’s going to get your taxi wet

     but stopping anyway

 

So much is happening: the “uncorrupted love” that makes us think of all the forms of love that don’t qualify for that description, that demonstrates it’s possible to love a stranger on the strength of ordinary actions; the run-on line that hits us with serial misfortune halted with the small verb “veered,” the astonishing conclusion, “that is the way to live,” which we think applies to the woman but instead to the beneficent driver “knowing that this woman’s going to get your taxi wet / but stopping anyway.” Upton’s phrasing is as direct and practical as the driver’s thoughts must be, but then comes what we have given up on, praise for the woman, “and yes she is in the back seat puddling away /and she is laughing”:

 

     and I thought that is the way to live—

     to keep trying to catch what speeds past

     despite even the street lifting up to insult you

 

This sentiment recalls William Blake’s “He who kisses the joy as it flies / Lives in Eternity’s sunrise”; the    multivalent “insult” like W.H. Auden’s “nights of insult,” both injurious and unkind.

Then, in a turn sudden as a careening cab’s, the speaker asks herself “aren’t you like all those taxis, the way / your heart keeps skidding around? Upton has, we find, O’Hara’s skill at bringing life to the inanimate city, joining it to herself and our selves.

A final surprise is the valedictory “Let there be someone,” asking that there be a human destination to bless the confusion and its aftermath and provide a simple, reassuring comment on the human condition:

 

     And let there be someone waiting

     anxious to see the taxi driver and

     the woman riding,

     someone who says convincingly: It’s all right, all of it,

     we’re all going to get somewhere.

Upton modestly makes way for another “someone”—a voice that can soothe her, too, with the promise that frustration will give way not to happiness, but something more bland, capacious and possible: getting “somewhere.” At the beginning of Lee Upton’s generous and generative poem, we may patronizingly think the woman lucky to be alive. At its end, we think the same—not in complaint but in mutual affirmation. – Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part 77): David Hernandez [by Angela Ball]

Hello I Must Be Going

Really nice meeting you sorry
I have to hurry off there’s this thing
happening this thing I must do
you too yes dying is the thing
everyone is not talking about it
why ruin karaoke night why discolor
the air between you and the bartender
hello what can I get for you
it’s miraculous we’re here and then
the world is yanked from us and then
time dismantles our bodies to dust
okay um can I help the next customer
see it would be awkward
let’s not bring it up mum’s the word
come on now we’ve still got
some living to do pick up that trumpet
I’ve got mine already never mind
we can’t play any instruments
the point is to make a sound
any sound in this endless parade
shimmering toward silence

                                             - David Hernandez

David Hernandez's most recent collection of poems, Hello I Must Be Going (Pitt Poetry Series, 2022), was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. His other books include Dear, Sincerely (Pitt Poetry Series, 2016); Hoodwinked (Sarabande Books, 2011), winner of the Kathryn A. Morton Prize in Poetry; Always Danger (SIU Press, 2006), winner of the Crab Orchard Series; and A House Waiting for Music (Tupelo Press, 2003). David has been awarded an NEA Literature Fellowship and two Pushcart Prizes. His poems have appeared in Iowa Review, Kenyon Review, Poetry, Ploughshares and Southern Review. He is also the author of two YA novels, No More Us for You and Suckerpunch, both published by HarperCollins. David teaches creative writing at California State University, Long Beach and is married to writer Lisa Glatt.

The New York School Diaspora (Part 77): David Hernandez

David Hernandez’s “I Really Must be Going” is in a terrific hurry but never blurs.  Its title (and that of the book it lives in) originally belongs, of course to Groucho Marx in Animal Crackers, performing what is possibly the funniest comic production number in movie history. Groucho twits the assembly of adoring guests (including the hostess, the redoubtable actress Margaret Dumont) by singing his true desire while performing the role of pith-helmeted “African Explorer” perfectly in every other way, proving that once a gestalt is established, it can withstand almost any amount of silliness, so long as the pretentions of onlookers keep it afloat.

In Hernandez’s poem, a tacit understanding avoids morbidity while it invokes “I,” “you,” and “we” in a way that surrounds us with a universal problem: death, when it comes, breaks off every interaction--even having a drink in a bar (some victims at Pompeii were surely lavaed in a bôite).  It’s a delicate subject, one that must be stumbled into:

     . . .there’s this thing

     happening this thing I must do

     you too yes dying is the thing

     everyone is not talking about it

     why ruin karaoke night why discolor

     the air between you and the bartender

     hello what can I get for you

Just as Groucho’s song accelerates, so does the poem, without sleeping policemen of punctuation. It’s clear that what Philip Larkin calls “unresting death” is everywhere precisely because “everyone is not talking about it”—why “discolor / the air”?  We agree, for the most part, to keep things light, preserve appearances—it’s why we say of someone dead that they’ve “passed.” Kenneth Koch’s brilliant late poem, “Proverb,” literalizes that speedy passing: “Les morts vont vite” while “We living stand at the gate / and life goes on.” Hernandez’ poem, more comic but just as scarifying, x-rays the social. It resembles a jazz funeral’s second line, that aims to replace sadness with celebration—at the same time poking fun at itself, knowing it must fail.

We are reminded of Frank O’Hara’s posthumously discovered (by Kenneth Koch) “Talking to the Sun at Fire Island,” when at the end of the poem the sun says, “. . .go I must, they’re calling / me.” Frank wants to know who “they” are. “Some / day you’ll know,” says the sun. Somehow, the exuberance of O’Hara’s poem survives the darkening at its close—but also depends on it. The exuberance in Hernandez’s, forced by custom, must obey strict rules:

     let’s not bring it up mum’s the word 

     come on now we’ve still got

     some living to do pick up that trumpet

     I’ve got mine already never mind

     we can’t play any instruments

     the point is to make a sound

The sound that “Hello I Must be Going” makes is urgently, supremely dramatic. Simply put, it surrounds us with what matters. Hollis Summers, a fine poet who taught at Ohio University, used to say that any good poem should be worthy of being “carved in stone.” Hernandez’s poem—as colloquial and broken-off as it is—somehow achieves this state. We participate in its monologue, resort to trumped-up gaiety replaced in the end by eloquent despair: “make a sound /any sound in this endless parade/shimmering toward silence”  - Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Six): Melinda Wilson [by Angela Ball]

Scene Under

Two beetles hammock on the thin algae skin / of the lake’s edge.
Two lake chars lounge in the black nether depths,
fat and content to be trout together.
A couple reclines on the city park’s lawn,
overgrown as it is. Deer ticks tingle at the proximity of warm blood.
The woman turns from her back to her stomach,
and feels the pulse of the underground train through the soft skin / of her belly.
It feels like a baby swimming
                                                                        in her wanting underwater.

                                                                                                                    -Melinda Wilson

Melinda Wilson is a poet and educator living in the Bronx, NYC. Her first full-length poetry collection, What it Was Like to Be a Woman, is available for pre-order from Indolent Books. 

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Six): Melinda Wilson

Melinda Wilson’s compact and compelling “Scene Under” is a contretemps between surface and depth reminiscent of Frank O’Hara’s “A Step Away from Them “:

     First, down the sidewalk

     where laborers feed their dirty

     glistening torsos 

O’Hara gives us the urban surface and makes the laborers centaurs—the human halves feeding the ugly-beautiful “dirty / glistening torsos” that contain the stygian distances of digestion.

Wilson begins with animals in physical repose, an interplay of pairs. The “two beetles” companion the lake edge, “hammock” on its bright green lid. The lake chars—large, loguey creatures, are equally at ease in its lower depths. The poem’s satisfaction seems to escalate; the couple “reclines” serenely, uncaring that it’s overgrown. The poem becomes granular, giving us minute ticks that can’t believe their luck “at the proximity of warm blood.” We are reminded that what is ominous from a human viewpoint—possible Lyme-disease inflicting bites—is pure pleasure for the tiny vampires, multiple instead of paired. The scene bristles with life, over and “under.”

Then, suddenly, there’s a lone being, “the woman,” “the” endowing importance. It seems, at first, that she’s simply employing an ordinary sunbathing move, turning “from her back to her stomach” but then she is umbilicaled to the thrum of an underground train, “through the soft skin / of her belly”—the expressed caesura of the back slash reiterating the lake edge of line one, but also emphasizing the delicacy of what occurs, which is this astonishing image: “It feels like a baby swimming.”   Somehow, the woman is being discovered from below by her missing other. The poem provides a wide space in which to draw breath before delivering its close: “in her wanting underwater.” Like O’Hara’s poem, Wilson’s ends “down the dark stairs.” Implications glimmer; the woman’s perhaps-suppressed “wanting,” her watery, generative depths—capable, on their own, of longing: a reverberation orgasmic in its portmanteau of fulfillment and dawning sorrow. – Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Five): Pam Rehm [by Angela Ball]

This Tender Riot of Chaos

The undeniable pull
of passion
is impossible
to let go of

Quite in love|
with
the comfort
of walking

the weather,
having attuned to the light
that grows deeper
into the day's fading,

this empty awareness 
is beneficent

A pulsing of pulses

Listen
to the place

Embrace
a weathered loneliness

Outdoorsy through the moss
and quietness

of colors
before Spring's beginnings

                                             - Pam Rehm

Pam Rehm is the author of Time Will Show (Shearsman Books, 2018), The Larger Nature (Flood Editions, 2011), Small Works (Flood Editions, 2005), Gone to Earth (Flood Editions, 2001), To Give It Up (Sun & Moon Press, 1994), and The Garment in which No One Had Slept (Burning Deck Press, 1993). She lives in Manhattan.

                                                                        Photo by Angie Rehm

The New York School Diaspora (Part 75): Pam Rehm

Pam Rehm’s  “This Tender Riot of Chaos,” from her forthcoming collection, Inner Verses, mysteriously resets the balance between outer and inner weather, the abstract and the concrete. Her poetry saints may include both the William Carlos Williams of Spring and All and Robert Creeley, whose off-kilter lines keep us surprised. In her matter-of-fact meditativeness she has something in common with James Schuyler.

The poem’s title—one of the best descriptions of romantic love I’ve ever heard—and first stanza prepare us for a tortured affair—as does the first line of the second—but no, the comfort on offer is, literally, pedestrian.  We are invited into the surround of a place. Somehow, against known rules, we enter it via abstraction:

     the weather,

     having attuned to the light

     that grows deeper

     into the day’s fading,

 

The poem takes on a radical intuitiveness, saying that the weather has tuned itself to the light, while both grow “deeper” into “day’s” departure.  How is it possible to grow into a disappearance?  Does meditation presuppose oneness?  Maybe so.  A series of vivid abstractions shows how:

    This empty awareness
     is beneficent

     A pulsing of pulses

     Listen
     to the place

      Embrace
      a weathered loneliness

Maybe the key here is our participation. We can’t but listen. The poem is as open as a ruin; it admits everything. By the time it becomes a series of commands—to the poet and to us—we are receptive.  To the “awareness,” “empty” as it is, completely friendly.  To “A pulsing of pulses” that suggests a welter of images: animal life, including our own; the stir of “passion,”; the stir of air; the moment-by-moment changes of atmosphere. Listening is accepting; it leads to “embrace.” We don’t ask how it’s possible to do that to “a weathered loneliness.” The poem has released us from ordinary doing.

How lovely, the fresh surprise of the casual “outdoorsy”—that applies, with stunning generality, to all. “Moss” and “quietness” are natural companions—but the quietness finds itself leaping a stanza break to apply, also, to “colors”—too many, perhaps, to name? The last line, with its gentle leap, brings us a broad sense of cycling into newness. Not the fierce corporeality at the end of William Carlos Williams’ Spring and All [By the Road to the Contagious Hospital], where “objects” “grip down and begin to awaken,” but an accommodating openness, an unspecified array of new starts.

Poets are often asked, “What are your poems about?” But poems aren’t “about” anything. They are in it. The best ones, like Pam Rehm’s “This Tender Chaos,” transform and erase time and all its “aboutness.”--   Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Six): Matthew Rohrer [by Angela Ball]

PRISONERS

A distant beat comes
from the melting snow.
A delivery truck slowly
backing up. I have been
inside our apartment for centuries!
Trapped on a small blue-
and-green planet, spinning
through space, a prisoner.
But there is no jailor.
Just a cloud that appears
overhead in the shape
of a sword, severing
afternoon from evening.

                                      -Matthew Rohrer

MATTHEW ROHRER  is the author of Army of Giants (Wave Books, forthcoming 2024), The Sky Contains the Plans (Wave Books, 2020), The Others (Wave Books, 2017), which was the winner of the 2017 Believer Book Award, and many others. He has appeared on NPR’s All Things Considered and The Next Big Thing. His first book, A Hummock in the Malookas, was selected for the National Poetry Series by Mary Oliver in 1994. He lives in Brooklyn, New York, and teaches at NYU.

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Six): Matthew Rohrer

Though his work shows affinities with all the original poets of the New York school, Matthew Rohrer’s deft “Prisoners” combines the existential with the metaphysical in a way reminiscent of Charles Simic. I am thinking of the poem, “The Partial Explanation, “in which the speaker seems trapped forever in a café with only a smudged water glass for company,  Simic, though often comic in his invocations of another world, courts its mystery—unlike, for the most part, the poets of the New York school, who have a cooler metaphysic, saving their wonder for the artistic process itself. The magic, in other words, is in the making.  Arriving in the United States at sixteen, in New York somewhat later, Simic saw the city through a peculiar lens: the Slavic folktales that he tracked though the shelves of the New York public library and kept alive as saints for his poems. A devote of Latin American poetry and fiction, he winningly contrasts magic with realism, intensifying each.

Rohrer’s poem immerses us in a realm neither magical nor actual, but somehow caught in between.

The fascinating image that begins the poem, the “distant beat” that “comes from the melting snow,” places us in a world realistic but indefinite. “Comes from” leaves things open—refuses to call the sound anything so precise as “dripping”—and indeed, such a situation seems to produce an infinitesimal creaking and/or incipient drips and/or drips upon drips.  It’s a complex articulation packed into “a beat”—that modest word that encloses drama and drums.

The delivery truck, in its slowness, the rhythm of its [unheard] warning beeps, prompts a sudden exclamation: “. . . I have been / inside our apartment for centuries!” The choice of “our” rather than “this” brings us into the poem as roommate, lover, and/or distant co-sufferer of an isolation that might be occasioned by COVID 19—but, if so, that’s merely circumstantial. The speaker’s focus abruptly goes long: “Trapped on a small blue- / and-green planet, spinning / through space, a prisoner.” Here Rohrer does what folklore does—he takes the cosmic literally. And why not? But the poem backs away from the magical with “But there is no jailor.”

A wonderful thing happens with “Just a cloud”—our foreboding sense of the metaphysical transfers to the sky:

     Just a cloud that appears
     overhead in the shape
     of a sword . . .

Here, the natural points toward the mystical, the more powerfully for the poem’s restraint. That word “Just”!

In “of a sword, severing” is embedded the story of Eden and the cherub Jophiel waving a fiery blade that divides Adam and Eve from immortality and innocence. In place of timeless days and nights, they receive a world cut with sorrow.

In the astonishing understatement that follows, “severing / afternoon from evening,” we are set down again, rather roughly, in reality—a reality forever changed by meaning summoned and dismissed. But not entirely. That afternoon becomes evening is as big a mystery as ever. And because the mystery lives in us, no matter how confined, we are stunned each time by its appearance, and so remain child-like, perhaps hopeful—inhabiting a planet both impoverished and impossibly rich. -Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Five): Charles North [by Angela Ball]

CREPUSCULE WITH PAULA

 

Does realism get your vote? It gets mine.

The plants with their insatiable thirst for appearances,

the heart-stopping 7:00 p.m. air moonlighting as a pressed-

cardboard Korean ashtray

(server, modest coaster) decorated with a single blondish branch

holding six leaves and a piece of rose-colored fruit (pear,

plum, ripe peach)

slightly raised as if applied to the flat, creamy space behind

flecked with light gray, light green, and brown marks of varying

size

from pinpricks to ashes, pencil (it looks like) to brush.

The romance of the window panes (I'm squinting a little) has

nothing

to do with the misguided view, the one with the Fates schmoozing

under the maroon awning of the high-rise (schmoos is more like

it)

and the embarrassed-looking sycamores revealing for all they're

worth

in their slightly fictionalized but emotionally accurate way,

which contributes to the overall tone

without detracting from the realistic participation,

a motorbike taking the corner too fast, a cat knowing the worst

that can possibly happen and managing to avoid it,

which could be the key signature if not for a free-standing

radiance just outside, unmoored, a hint of plum or Anjou pear.

                                                                                                    -Charles North

                                                                                                   (EVERYTHING and Other Poems, 2019)

Charles North’s first, self-published, poetry collection, Lineups, was featured in two New York Post sports columns. He has published 20 books of poems, essays, and collaborations with artists, reviewed for Art in America, and served as Poet-in-Residence at Pace University NYC. With James Schuyler, he edited the poet-painter anthologies Broadway and Broadway 2. The Nearness of the Way You Look Tonight (2001) was a finalist for the inaugural Phi Beta Kappa Poetry Award, What It Is Like (2011) headed NPR’s Best Poetry Books of the Year, and Everything and Other Poems (2020) was a New York Times New and Noteworthy Book. Among his awards are two NEA Fellowships, four Fund for Poetry Awards, a Poets Foundation Award, and a Foundation for Contemporary Arts Fellowship.

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Five): Charles North

Charles North’s lyric of controversy, “Crepuscule with Paula,” explodes the romanticism of its title in its first line: “Does realism get your vote?  It gets mine.” The poem is named for—and thus is ekphrastic of—a composition by Thelonious Monk in which the contenders are beauty and cacophony, the off-handed and the sublime.

This poem is out for blood: to let two worlds duke it out via whatever is at hand, which is in this case “the heart-stopping 7:00 p.m. air moonlighting as a pressed- / cardboard Korean ashtray.” Among other things, this statement reminds us that everything we see is a collaboration between materials and the light that hits them. (A curious idiom, that.)

The plants’ “insatiable thirst for appearances” references both their need for water and their need to present to the sun.  It’s why wildflowers arrange themselves in bouquets--each flower head gets exposure. The ashtray can be multi-purposed “(server, modest coaster)”—the “modest” slyly humorous—can there be an “immodest” coaster?

North’s description of the object—humorously thorough—takes on the careful, hesitant rhythm of artistic creation:

     decorated with a single blondish branch

     holding six leaves and a piece of rose-colored fruit (pear,

     plum, ripe peach)

     slightly raised as if applied to the flat, creamy space behind

     flecked with light gray, light green, and brown marks of varying

     size

     from pinpricks to ashes, pencil (it looks like) to brush.

The careful approximation of North’s description, supplying alternative “rose-colored” fruits and including even a suggestion of relief (“slightly raised as if applied”) ; his verb, “flecked,” embodying quick strokes, his color designations both accurate and modest—especially “brown marks of varying / size / from pinpricks to ashes” resemble and reenact the artist’s care with his own ashtray creation. The insertion of the tentative “(it looks like)” reminds us, again modestly, that the poem is guessing. This ‘guessingness’ is essential. It allows the lines to float free of what they describe, giving room for doubt, as in James Schuyler’s masterful “Korean Mums,” which ends with his one certainty, their name—a certainty that will “one day” vanish.

   . . . what

   is there I have not forgot?

  Or one day will forget:

  this garden, the breeze

  in stillness, even

  the words, Korean mums.

Without preamble, North’s poem moves outward—to “the romance of the window panes” undercut by “squinting” and irrelevance: “has // nothing // to do with the misguided view” (is not every city a concatenation of these?).

With an incongruity worthy of Monty Python, the fates appear, comically “smoozing” / under the maroon awning of the high-rise (schmoos is more like // it //)  and the poem’s archness, its high-handedness, its Monkian clatter intensifies:

     and the embarrassed-looking sycamores revealing for all they're

     worth

     in their slightly fictionalized but emotionally accurate way,

     which contributes to the overall tone

     without detracting from the realistic participation,

The orphaned words—the ones that hang like ledges—not only emphasize a tentativeness but also a brittleness that spreads from the depiction to the thing depicted. The poem seems to scramble here, with willed awkwardness, to piece together its romanticism and realism, through a process of digging and filling: “slightly fictionalized but emotionally accurate,” “without detracting from the realistic participation” that includes

     a motorbike taking the corner too fast, a cat knowing the worst

     that can possibly happen and managing to avoid it,

     which could be the key signature if not for a free-standing

     radiance just outside, unmoored, a hint of plum or Anjou pear.

The poem’s final movement is given over to the chaotic, phenomenal urban world, with the luck of a savvy cat we can hope to emulate as a “key signature”—a locus of meaning, a codification of tone—“if not for a free-standing / radiance just outside, unmoored, a hint of plum or Anjou pear.” How terrific that “radiance” is not a ledge word, that it washes over the words that follow, that denote closeness and freedom and nuance but are secured in place, tentatively, by the felt accuracy of “hint of plum or Anjou pear.” Charles North’s entrancing and enlivening poem leaves us a in a realm of romantic realism and/or realistic romance. Not only is it unnecessary to choose, but each choice gives way in the face of new ones. We are left in uncertainty, where we belong. It is, after all, the home of luck. – Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Four): Rosanne Wasserman [by Angela Ball]

Museum Quantity
for Dara and Jim

You were tending your virtual garden of
turtles that turn the tides alive,
sticks and circles like a game of hangman,
raking sand
          You were collecting mouths of broken bottles from the shore,
          then writing the notes their bellies must have held
You were lighting a fire in the attic
using a mirror and the moon
         Old paint curls off your ceilings, Palmer’s cursive exercise:
         you read all night when shadows join the letters
You had to turn the cheese around twice daily;
you kept it in the cellar, braving foxes, ghosts, ghost foxes,
rising damp, dark corners, till Thanksgiving
         Visitors asking about your quilts will learn about their makers,
         the Old Order Amish wives, needle guides marked with flour

You saw them fighting, hawk and fox,
scrabbling a foot-wide ditch into the earth of the backyard meadow:
hawk feathers in a tall clear vase of glass
          You saw the stone ram standing in the thicket by the shed
          a mist-reflection, backed by blackened pines
You settled a centipede sphinx on a model of Congress
          You put porcelain angels on moldings above the stairs
You hung portraits of poets laughing, of suited gents in huge sombreros,
words framed on the walls, walls lined with bookshelves
          You found jars of rare spice. You had Tiffany dragonflies,
          boxes of brand-new chapbooks, strings of solar-powered lights,
photographs of the bear in the hemlock tree, axes and brooms by the screen door,
          a shrine to Saint Rita and Sta-Puft, smooth wet lakestones in the soapdish,
bees celebrating the lilac just in blossom beside the porch,
          artichokes and limes in a wooden bowl—the photographer hovered around it
          for fifteen minutes—and what is that stuff upstairs, the green cloud of
          tiny round leaves above delicate stem-strings afloat in a crowd in a pot on the
          northern windowsill?—baby’s tears, angel’s tears, mind-your-own-business?

In classrooms remembering one another’s voices
          in the same house writing on your own—
one chocolate apiece for energy, fingerlicks,
         crumple-toss wrappers away from the typewriter table,
or unwrap foil, finger-smooth crinkly silver, keep flat forever
         inside the book you were reading for inspiration—
in two houses, both of you alone
         whole days, those great and limited collections,
too big to know all about—delta, mountain chain,
         whose time is a language shared, rushing marvelous objects
to your hands, so you become a culture, combed
         by the same comb in different ways,
catalogued, curated, civil, uncivilized, joining around separate anarchies of need;
        pieced and quilted brilliants and intenses,
arranged by your choices and by what you did not choose

                                                                                              -Rosanne Wasserman

Rosanne Wasserman’s poetry collections include Apple Perfume, The Lacemakers, No Archive on Earth, Other Selves, and Sonnets from Elizabeth’s, as well as Place du Carousel and Psyche and Amor, collaborations with Eugene Richie, with whom she co-edited John Ashbery’s Collected French Translations. They run the Groundwater Press, which has published New York School and NYS-adjacent poets since 1981. Having retired from thirty years of teaching at the United States Merchant Marine Academy, she is now catching up with some projects on hold for decades.

   photo credit: Joseph Richie

“Museum Quantity,” Rosanne Wasserman’s brilliant tribute to Dara Barrois/Dixon (formerly Dara Wier) and James Tate, is the only New York School-inspired poem I’m aware of that commemorates a couple’s life together. Frank O’Hara, that friendliest of poets, name-drops; gives us vignettes and tributes—I’m thinking of the Rachmaninoff’s birthday poems—but he doesn’t celebrate coupledom apart from the magic railroad of his own couplings.

At first glance this astonishing array of objects and tasks may resemble what is known in some quarters as ‘a stuffed dwarf museum’: outsize, tatty, and random. But we must remember the title—what’s asserted is “quantity” not “quality,” as in the usual phrase.

A partial key to its origins lies in Barrois/Dixon’s “official” biography:

     She drew pictures of poems before she could write properly with our

     conventional alphabet in our conventional ways. Once she could read

     and write she wrote poems in imitation of what she could read and she

     self-published these by putting them in small jars with tight lids and

     gently launching them off into the currents of the mighty Mississippi River whose

     banks bordered the little farm on which she was raised. . . .

Thus began a life-long association between poems and objects that might be called “intra-ekphrastic”—poems that desire identities in dimensional life. But in “Museum Quantity,” “turtles” bring “tides” to life; the flow of transformation goes, brilliantly, in the opposite direction--

          You were collecting mouths of broken bottles from the shore,

          then writing the notes their bellies must have held

 --and I realize that “poems wanting to become objects” is much too simple a description. What happens is, instead, a multivalent alchemy: “You were lighting a fire in the attic / using a mirror and the moon.” There is ritual that may well be part of the reality of cheese curation: “You had to turn the cheese around twice daily.” Borders between daylight and dream light dissolve. “Visitors asking about your quilts will learn about their makers, / the Old Order Amish wives, needle guides marked with flour.”  How ghostly, those flour markings.

The alternation between italics and regular type suggests a double voice appropriate to a poem with a double subject. Rightly or wrongly, I read the italicized lines as more documentary-like than the ones in standard type—perhaps addressed more directly to the couple. In any case, the alternation adds to the poem’s playful sense of being several places at once: here and in the past; inside poems and inside rooms; in realities belonging to nature and to imagination.

The poem proceeds outward from the couple to include multifarious juxtapositions: the lovely conjunction of “curling paint” with cursive; “centipede sphinx on a model of Congress,” “axes and brooms by the screen door; “a shrine to Saint Rita and Sta-Puft,” “lakestones in the soapdish.” And much more:

          artichokes and limes in a wooden bowl—the photographer hovered around it

          for fifteen minutes—and what is that stuff upstairs, the green cloud of

          tiny round leaves above delicate stem-strings afloat in a crowd in a pot on the

          northern windowsill?—baby’s tears, angel’s tears, mind-your-own-business?

Wait—there’s a photo-documentarian on scene, visually recording what Wasserman records verbally. And a magic plant, “green cloud of tiny round leaves,” that may have a name—“mind-your-own-business”—that declares us nosy.

Through attentiveness, Dara and Jim have access to natural agons, hawk versus fox; images of animals radiate life in Rilkean splendor: a bear in a tree, a stone ram, “a mist-reflection, backed by blackened pines.” The “centipede sphinx” juxtaposed with “a model of congress” suggests something ineluctable about both.

For many years, Dara and Jim both taught poetry writing at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Even teaching in different rooms, the poem tells us, they were together: “In classrooms remembering one another’s voices.” I think the poets and classrooms join in this remembering. And when workshop was done they went to dinner together to share the afterglow of their students’ poems.

As the poem moves toward its close, its ‘collectivity’ accelerates, fueled by chocolate so present that we can taste its “fingerlicks,” hear its “crinkly silver,” the poets writing together in separate rooms and/or separate houses (there were two), coming together to exchange the day in the form of a single poem, each read aloud by the other. No comments. The poems joining “those great and limited collections, too big to know all about—delta, mountain chain, / whose time is a language shared. . . .”

     . . . both of you alone

          whole days, those great and limited collections,

     too big to know all about—delta, mountain chain,

          whose time is a language shared, rushing marvelous objects

     to your hands, so you become a culture, combed

          by the same comb in different ways,

     catalogued, curated, civil, uncivilized, joining around separate anarchies of need;

          pieced and quilted brilliants and intenses,

      arranged by your choices and by what you did not choose

Jim and Dara’s—and the poem’s—museum is joined to geological collections, “delta, mountain chain. . .”  Their loving microcosm becomes macro:“time is a language shared, rushing marvelous objects / to your hands, so you become a culture. . .”  Then the beautifully homely “combed / by the same comb / in different ways” and the marvelously linked “brilliants and intenses” continue the fusion “arranged by your choices. . . .”

Wasserman’s closing phrase declares the importance of exclusion. Every poem, every house of ideas, outlines itself with the unchosen; discovers identity by negation..

As Emily Dickinson famously says, “The Soul selects her own Society.” A poem says to its words, “I choose you.” Love says to its object, “I choose you.” A house says to its surround, “I am of you, but I am not you.” Rosanne Wasserman’s absorbing, affecting poem includes us in a complex, constructive, and beautifully dreamlike union. --  Angela Ball

 

Note: All "NY School Diaspora" posts by Angela Ball are copyright (c) 2024 by Angela Ball. All rights reserved.

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Three): Jordan Davis [by Angela Ball]

FOR A DOLLAR I'LL TELL YOU WHAT YOU ARE DYING TO HEAR, WHICH IS ALL OF IT

The social impulse and the roaches and the throb
no one brings me what I heard.

The window's great --
along with your four walls, you are more gorgeous
than an afternoon

I don't watch that kind of fucked up.

The presidents walk across the broken windows.
Stop thinking like I need a thing.

How much worse than being talked about
is it the war or the collision of galaxies.

‘He flew into the bonfire to celebrate
being on the roof of my heart,’
Sunset light on my phone.

                                         - Jordan Davis

Jordan Davis's third book, Yeah, No, was published by MadHat in 2023. His poems have appeared in Poetry and The New Yorker and his reviews have appeared in Slate and the Times Literary Supplement. He is a former Poetry Editor of The Nation.

                                                                      photo by Adalena Kavanagh

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Three): Jordan Davis

Jordan Davis’s “For a Dollar I’ll Tell You What You Are Dying to Hear, Which is All Of It” is an unruly poem that challenges usual ratios between clarity and mystery.

It begins with three self-conscious entities “The social impulse and the roaches and the throb,” representatives of our urge to mingle, our vermin, and our pain or excitement or both—and the frustration of feeling as though we’ve lost the plot: “no one brings me what I’ve heard.”

We seem to be inside a house, one worthy of praise: “The window’s great-- / along with your four walls, you are more gorgeous than an afternoon.” I love the familiar comparison (“more gorgeous”) applied to something utterly abstract: “an afternoon.” (I first read such a comparison on a teabag tab: “You are as beautiful as the universe,” so grandiose, so funny, yet somehow ravishing.) 

Then a one-sentence stanza that, for me, serves as a kind of reset: “I don’t watch that kind of fucked up.” It might apply to what we see next.

Again a proud entity: “the presidents”—who “walk across the broken windows.” What? And the window was “great”! Catastrophes attract our leaders, who have the opportunity for empathy.

Visiting, they offer the stricken ‘anything they need’--sweepingly useless.

The stanzas are now clearly reverse magnetized, repelling each other as much as a villanelle’s are locked within a minuet. 

This one tells a purely unnecessary truth: “How much worse than being talked about / is it the war or the collision of galaxies.” But how I first read it—as war or colliding galaxies being worse that finding oneself the subject of gossip—is inaccurate, because of the word “it.” Two statements have been joined without a clear relationship, as though an ordinary sentence in New York is being interrupted by disaster.

Then this beautiful sentence:

     ‘He flew into the bonfire to celebrate

     being on the roof of my heart,’

     Sunset light on my phone.

The quotation is Shelleyan in grandeur, combining ecstasy and mayhem, like an opera.

Who says it? No clue. Who responds? The poet’s phone, perhaps switching to “evening mode.” We are torn between sublimity and usefulness, with no time left to decide. This is unexpectedly blissful.

What is the takeaway? We are. Thanks to Jordan Davis’s stirring poem, we move ahead, somewhat electrified. -- Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Two ): Trey Moody [by Angela Ball]

The Way to Work

A billboard asks me
if I can name five types of apples.
I am listening to classical radio.
Suddenly, I am driving past the graveyard
and realize I can name only two:
red and green. So naturally I wonder
what, exactly, is wrong with me.
The DJ says there have been explosions
at the Boston Marathon. That’s it.
The graveyard is now gone. Too far
behind me. Stores are trying to sell
office supplies, but they are fooling no one.
Now back to the music. The sun
all around. In ways I cannot touch
and in very gradual increments
somehow brightening the day.

                                                -Trey Moody, from Autoblivion

Trey Moody is the author of Autoblivion (Conduit Books, 2023), winner of the Minds on Fire Open Book Prize, and Thought That Nature (Sarabande Books, 2014), winner of the Kathryn A. Morton Prize in Poetry. The recipient of the Poetry Society of America Robert H. Winner Memorial Award, his poems have appeared in The Atlantic, The Believer, and New England Review. He teaches at Creighton University and lives with his daughter in Omaha, Nebraska.

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-Two): Trey Moody

Trey Moody’s colloquial and provocative “The Way to Work” illuminates the everyday disjunctions of driving—an activity rare for the original poets of the New York School. It may remind us that “commuting” is associated with just two activities: a trip to work or a sentence. Its first question is asked by a billboard that wants to know if we can name more than five types of apples.

The cheery Food and Wine website reveals that "There are over 7,500 apple varieties around the world (and counting), each with its own unique history. There are heirloom apples that have withstood the test of time, and new types of apples coming into being every year."

The website doesn’t mention the many varieties lost to commercialism: those that don’t travel well, have lumpy or oddly colored skins, are expensive to grow, or just aren’t consumer friendly.

The billboard seems to hold us somewhat accountable for this, especially if we can’t remember five apples. Its message, by necessity brief, is drowned out by “classical radio”—its music differentiated only by type, like the generic apples.

“Suddenly, I am driving past the graveyard” reminds us of human death while the apple challenge, not forgotten, is still being processed. Shades of Eden: “and realize I can name only two: / red and green.” The flatness of the colors is a humorous letdown, as is “So naturally I wonder / what, exactly, is wrong with me.”

The poem’s present tense and mode of rapid-fire reaction to the seen reminds us of Frank O’Hara’s ‘I do this I do that’ poems, especially “The Day Lady Died,” in which the ephemeral—that surrounds us so thickly—is burst by the eternal in the form of a newspaper headline announcing the death of Lady Day: “The DJ says there have been explosions / at the Boston Marathon. That’s it.”

The first announcements of horror are always the briefest, since knowledge, like the poet’s of apples, does not yet exist. “The graveyard,” which may have somehow provided enlightenment, “is now gone.  Too far / behind me.” During the commute there is little time to react. Radio, when there is no more information, must say “Now back to the music.” But the music will not be itself, but a blood-stained thing. The sun that illumines the poem’s close is like the blithe one that illumines the swirling wreck at the end of Moby Dick.

     . . .The sun 

     all around.  In ways I cannot touch

     and in very gradual increments

     somehow brightening the day.

Trey Moody’s “The Way to Work” achieves an ending both immensely understated and simply immense. Like the apples, the sun is beyond grasp. How well and how coldly “in very gradual increments” captures the morning, and "somehow” expresses the poem’s vast bewilderment—not an argument with existence but an uncommuted incomprehension.

Like the poem itself, its title is both modest and expansive. The word “way” has been used in many languages and holy books to advise how to arrive at enlightenment, wisdom, oneness with creation. Here, all that is being arrived at is “work”—so generic (like a “red” apple) that it need not be specified.

Perhaps, Moody’s powerful poem suggests, we—the minions of the ordinary—have created such a quantity of it that bombs appear as agents of transformation—that “what is wrong with me” is wrong with us all. -- Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-One): Annette C. Boehm

Iridology

The wild irises are striped, blue and white, and early:
it has been too warm. I fear the frost
will cause their cells to burst, leave them
limp, toppled to the patient ground.
I want a yard full of woodland
strawberries, for them to spread further each year,
until every summer is covered in seeds.
I don’t want to catch dead flowers.
Technically, strawberries are roses. Strawberries
are not true. They will run, any chance they get.

-Annette C. Boehm                                                   (published in Westbranch)

 

Annette C. Boehm (she/her) is the author of two collections of poetry: The Apidictor Tapes (2022) and The Knowledge Weapon. A queer, autistic writer, she has two chapbooks available from Dancing Girl Press. She lives in Bochum, Germany.  Website: annettecboehm.wordpress.com 

                                                                        Photo by Vickie Marschall

The New York School Diaspora (Part Seventy-One): Annette Boehm

Annette Boehm’s luminous “Iridology” begins by designating origin, pattern, and color (“wild. . . striped, blue and white”). Such stripes are sometimes called “breaks”—spontaneous outbursts, an exuberance. The addition of “early” shifts attention to the season: “it has been too warm.” Our flower watching habits have assumed worry in a climate now deranged, erratic. “I fear the frost / will cause their cells to burst, leave them / limp, toppled to the patient ground.” As her title suggests, Boehm, like James Schuyler and his “Korean Mums,” sees her flowers with both a lover’s and a scientist’s eyes.

“Iridology” suggests several things: a study of rainbows?  The study of Iris, the rainbow goddess (in Spanish, a rainbow is an “arco iris”)? The study of the flower, iris?  No. It’s the science of understanding the health of humans by reading their eyes—more specifically, their irises. By putting this science in charge of her poem, Boehm enlists, at a slant, its questionable powers.

She involves questions of the value or utility of looking into things, as a German researcher did by becoming the first to peer through a microscope at a human iris. The iris of the poem, it seems, is fraught with complications. Boehm wishes for something simpler, more prolific:

     I want a yard full of woodland

     strawberries, for them to spread further each year,

     until every summer is covered in seeds.

     I don’t want to catch dead flowers.

The worry expressed at the poem’s start seems to have come true, the flower embedded with the human eye and the questionable science founded upon it: “The patterns and colors of the iris have been used / to predict health, but are no reliable indicator.” In dismissing the science, the poem dismisses the flower. This is the labyrinthine logic of superstition, one of the ways we make sense of the world. Predict it. Protect ourselves from it.

There’s something freeing about leaving behind ordinary logic. It can distract us from what there is to dread: bad luck, sadness, the collapse of the natural world.

Boehm’s strawberries arrive like a cavalry to save us from all that. That they are imposters of a kind—“technically . . . roses,” “not true,” and itinerant—all the better. Refreshingly like us, “They will run, any chance they get.” Surprise can be great beauty: simplicity only increases its power. We sign on for a serious study of a doomed flower and end up in an ebullient escape: “They will run, any chance they get.”  Yet this punning statement is tinged with fatality. Nature is a matter of what things “will do,” including us. We end the poem torn between lamenting and celebrating, like Hamlet's King Claudius “With an auspicious and a dropping eye. . . .”

Perhaps, Boehm’s willful poem suggests, this is the truth of spring. - Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part 70): Todd Osborne [by Angela Ball]

 

First, Second, Third Person (with a line from Robert Creeley)
in memory of D.R.

I am still stuck on poetry I said, once,
a lifetime ago, or not too long ago,

depending on who you are, or who I
is, when you reads this or I writes it.

And it’s true even now. An old friend
writes that she has moved beyond stanzas,

and all I can think is—how? I am trying,
even now, to decipher the mysteries

of a couplet, of an amulet and quick surprise
part of me wants to say, borrowing

another poet’s words, or stealing
like great artists are often said to do,

but I’m not sure that’s true. The words
stay the same whether they are mine

or someone else’s. Nothing is new
under the sun, cries the Preacher was

always one of my favorite verses, even
as a child, even young in faith and life,

believing so much in something I cannot
comprehend, like stanzas, like God,

like this life I have found myself happily
wandering into. I hope you found it too.

                                                             -Todd Osborne

 

Todd Osborne is a poet and teacher born and raised in Nashville, TN. His debut poetry collection, Gatherer, is forthcoming this April from Belle Point Press. His poems have appeared at CutBank, Tar River Poetry, The Missouri Review, EcoTheo Review, and elsewhere. He lives and writes in Hattiesburg, MS, with his wife and their three cats.

The New York School Diaspora (Part 70): Todd Osborne

Todd Osborne’s vibrant and affecting elegy begins with a confession more appropriate to a childhood crush than to a lifelong vocation: “I am still stuck on poetry,” a statement whose brash clarity disappears in a contretemps of times and selfhoods: “ . . . I said once, / a lifetime ago, or not too long ago, / / depending on who you are, or who I / is, when you reads this or I writes it”--a confusion worthy of Arthur Rimbaud, Bob Marley--or, in fact, John Ashbery, that master of equivocal identities.

“And it’s true even now” does little to settle the question of who the poet is in relation to his work. Like a contestant on a quiz show he reaches out to a friend, who unhelpfully says that she has “moved beyond stanzas.”  What, is she houseless?

 

     I am trying,

     even now, to decipher the mysteries

 

     of a couplet, of an amulet and quick surprise

     part of me wants to say, borrowing

 

     another poet’s words, or stealing

     like great artists are often said to do

 

Osborne’s couplets move by a process of incomplete figuration, their guide Robert Creeley’s fascinating, enigmatic phrase, “an amulet and quick surprise.” In other words, our luck carries us, along with opportunism—the ability to jump on that which enters our path.

Is Osborne’s late friend also a poet?  Have they, in the process of dying, entered poetry? Yes or no? Or should it be Yes and No?

In asserting that

 

     . . .Nothing is new

     under the sun, cries the Preacher was

     always one of my favorite verses, even

     as a child, even young in faith and life,

     believing so much in something I cannot

     comprehend, like stanzas, like God,

 

Osborne puts his faith in the familiar. But just as at the poem’s start, certainly turns itself inside out to become mystery:

 

     like this life I have found myself happily

     wandering into. I hope you found it too.

 

The poem’s last line, itself a rhymed couplet, expresses, with touching abruptness, many things at once, in a way that only the simplest of statements can. Life, like poetry, mixes familiarity with mystery. Also death. Todd Osborne’s “First, Second, Third Person (with a line from Robert Creeley),” in its unconventional eloquence, articulates how poetry and love arise from the constant benediction of discovery.- Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Sixty-Nine): Eugene Richie [by Angela Ball]

Early New York Evening

After Jane Freilicher
Chelsea Piers, August 15

Sometimes the very sight of you,
of your beautiful face and bare shoulders,
makes me feel faint.
In view of the Statue of Liberty,
you are ever present to me,
as when your naked arm
stretches above you in bed
or falls on my shoulders,
like a protecting aura.
The little waves on the surface
of the summery Hudson River
are like feelings coursing through me,
as I think of you,
or of that sudden blush of red
that rises to my forehead
and descends like the apron of a wave
over my bare shoulders
into the curly black and gray hair
on my chest. I see nothing
in this riverbank landscape before me
that suggests anything other than
the inimitable moments
life with you continually gives me
in the ways your beauty
shows me every day.
                                  -Eugene Richie       from Only Here, Between

 

Eugene Richie is the author of four collections of poems, most recently Only Here, Between (Gnosis Press 2023), with cover art by Win Knowlton, and two collaborations with the poet Rosanne Wasserman. He is the Director of Creative Writing in the English Department at Pace University in New York City.

Photo by Star Black

 

The New York School Diaspora (Part Sixty-Nine): Eugene Richie

The day before Valentine’s seems the perfect one for Eugene Richie’s glorious love poem, “Early New York Evening,” after Jane Freilicher’s wondrous painting: https://www.kasmingallery.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/18/jf_press-kit.pdf 

In a superb coincidence, Jane’s birthday is the same (in different years) as that of the poem’s subject, Ritchie’s spouse, Rosanne Wasserman. Jane Freilicher was one of John Ashbery’s first and most important friends in New York City, and Eugene Richie and Rosanne Wasserman were great friends and collaborators with John in Hudson, NY, in the latter part of his life. In these connections, limned so quickly here, live immensities of love.

Richie’s “Early New York Evening” is multiply ekphrastic: there’s the painting, and the subject’s and speaker’s bodies, but also a third entity: the body of their love.

The poem begins with its dominant sensory mode, vision:

Sometimes the very sight of you,

of your beautiful face and bare shoulders,

makes me feel faint.

But already, “faint” introduces a more visceral sense, that of equilibrium.

Then, in a wonderful surprise, their love’s body is conflated with the famous stature (accompanied by its own poem), The Stature of Liberty. The melding happens in form, gesture, and spirit:

     In view of the Statue of Liberty,

     you are ever present to me,

     as when your naked arm

     stretches above you in bed

     or falls on my shoulders,

     like a protecting aura.

It is worth noting that Freilicher’s painting is statuesque, connecting—with loving irony—the verticals of smokestacks with those of tender irises.

The word “naked” startles, shines out to remind us that love is physical as well as spiritual, as John Donne says at the end of his great “The Ecstacy”:

     And if some lover, such as we,
         Have heard this dialogue of one,
     Let him still mark us, he shall see
         Small change when we're to bodies gone.

Along with “Early New York Evening,” the poem’s ekphrastic body of love encompasses the immediate view from the couple’s bedroom, a “riverbank landscape” including not just the famous statue, but New York’s most famous river, as well:

     The little waves on the surface

     of the summery Hudson River

     are like feelings coursing through me,

     as I think of you,

     or of that sudden blush of red

     that rises to my forehead

     and descends like the apron of a wave

     over my bare shoulders

     into the curly black and gray hair

     on my chest.

What a perfect descriptor, that “summery.” Love, I think, is prone to confuse inner and outer landscapes—as it certainly does here, in the intricacies of these lines, where “waves” become “feelings,” and a “sudden blush of red” . . . descends like the apron of a wave.” How fabulous, how exact, the word “apron.” As above, the female body shelters the masculine—with the descending blush she incites, riverine, over the shoulders that mirror her own; and “into” the very masculine “curly black and gray hair.”

Then there is the wonderful red-herring line break at “nothing,” the playful fake-out continuing through the next two lines before we are overwhelmed with reward in the last four:

     the inimitable moments

     life with you continually gives me

     in the ways your beauty

     shows me every day.

How moving, the ending of this splendid love poem, where a spouse’s beauty becomes both teacher and endless quotidian work of art.

Eugene Richie’s “Early New York Evening” combines body and spirit, art and ekphrasis, representation and interplay. How imagine a valentine more permanent, more true. -- Angela Ball

The New York School Diaspora (Part Sixty-Eight): Laura Cronk [by Angela Ball]

TO MY TWENTIES

Stop what you’re doing
and come with me. We’ll
walk out into the wild
cold, you in your pink
sequined shell from the
consignment shop –
you can have my coat.
Let’s be out together
in the world, the wind
beating against us, the
sidewalks cracking with
ice. Though you shrink
from the cold, my twenties,
you’re still lustrous, still
throwing off heat. We’ll
walk past the schizophrenic
piano player and the junk
dealer poet, there are bad
boyfriends around every
bend, but we’re together
now and we don’t have
to stop. We’ll go back
to my apartment and
open the door and the
kids’ faces will pop
with happiness. They’ll
run toward us, ram their
heads into our stomachs,
so eager to be held.
It’s not the kind of
greeting you’re used to.
After dinner I’ll get you
a cab, my twenties,
but you’ll take the shape
of a great gray bird
and fly away.

                           -Laura Cronk                  first published in StatoRec  Included in Ghost Hour

Laura Cronk is the author most recently of Ghost Hour from Persea Books. She teaches writing and pedagogy courses at The New School in New York.

The New York School Diaspora (Part Sixty-Eight): Laura Cronk

Laura Cronk’s sparkling “To My Twenties” takes after a poem of the same name by Kenneth Koch that begins

     How lucky that I ran into you

     When everything was possible

     For my legs and arms, and with hope in my heart

     And so happy to see any woman--

     O woman! O my twentieth year!

Though Koch’s poem is more “excitable,” to use Frank O’Hara’s term for Koch himself, it is a poem of retrospect and nostalgia. It ends this way:

     You never, ever, were stingy. What you gave me you gave whole

     But as for telling

     Me how to best use it

     You weren't a genius at that.

     Twenties, my soul

     Is yours for the asking

     You know that, if you ever come back.

In contrast, Cronk’s poem, a direct rendezvous with her twenties, functions as a kind of sequel to Koch’s. Her twenties catch up with her somewhere in the city, and she invites them home—her invitation an arresting demand:

     Stop what you’re doing

     and come with me

What a brilliant way to involve the reader! We are now part of the poem, impersonating we know not what, exactly. Years? A person? A set of attributes?

Cronk’s twenties—and we—come alive in thrift shop threads, “a pink / sequined shell” both vulnerable and outrageous. It is fun to live them again, both as revealed here and through inserting our own experience. Koch talks about what things were like when he was “in” those years; Cronk diegetically reunites with them in reanimated form. At first. By the time the second sentence has arrived, “We’’ll,” we’re in the hypothetical realm of the future—exactly where Koch hopes to meet his twenties. I’ve misread! But, I believe, reading is a process—and misreading can play a productive part.  Cronk’s scenario somehow manages to be both real and projected as the poem details the perils that will greet her and her third, inclement decade—in which inner and outer weather conjoin:

     Let’s be out together

     in the world, the wind

     beating against us, the

     sidewalks cracking with

     ice. Though you shrink

     from the cold, my twenties,

     you’re still lustrous, still

     throwing off heat. We’ll

     walk past the schizophrenic

     piano player and the junk

     dealer poet, there are bad

     boyfriends around every

     bend, but we’re together

     now and we don’t have

     to stop.

What more accurate evocation of a woman in her twenties than “lustrous”? Though the “schizophrenic / piano player” and the “junk / dealer poet” may be gone, bad boyfriends are eternal (a possible book title?). In the present tense inside the future tense, “we’re together”—and “don’t have to stop.”

But we do—it’s late, as Kenneth Koch’s poems often remind us. It’s often late in the New York School. Stars would shine through its big windows were it not for the city’s competing lights. Encountering the speaker’s kids in her apartment seems the beginning of the end. After dinner, a cab needs to be called for the brilliant girl, who--suddenly and scarifyingly--becomes Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s “Very Old Man with Enormous Wings”—and the cab goes wanting.

Experiencing Laura Cronk’s comic and poignant “To My Twenties” transports us to a past transfigured by a tangible future. Sadly, we watch the disreputable angel / past self’s flight—hoping, as so many poems hope, that togetherness returns.  -- Angela Ball